Yes, you can. You need to pass the file via the --open <filename> option.
You can start the NetBeans IDE and have it open a file you specify in the command line as an argument to the --open option. If there is an already running instance of the IDE, the file will simply open in this instance.
In addition, you can specify the line at which the file should open as --open <filename:line> where line is the line number starting from 1.
The same command can be used to create an association for files of specific types in the file manager.
Note that the --open switch is mandatory. As of now, it is not possible specify the files to be opened as a simple argument list. For example, 'netbeans a.java' won't work.
Applies to: NetBeans 4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.5
Platforms: All (file association registration may vary among platforms)